![]() While many quantum experiments examine very small objects, such as electrons and photons, quantum phenomena are all around us, acting on every scale. It aims to uncover the properties and behaviors of the very building blocks of nature. We argue that the construction is selected by the quantum-to-classical transition, in particular, the applicability of the Born rule in a quantum mechanical world. Quantum physics is the study of matter and energy at the most fundamental level. ![]() Finally, we discuss the origin of the particular construction adopted in describing the black hole interior as well as the outside of a de Sitter horizon. We also generalize the framework to other systems, including Rindler, de Sitter, and asymptotically flat spacetimes, and find a consistent picture in each case. Implications of this UV/IR relation include O ( 1 ) breaking of global symmetries at the string scale and a self-repair mechanism of black holes restoring the smoothness of their horizons. In this paper, we elaborate on this picture, particularly emphasizing the importance of the chaotic nature of the string (UV) dynamics across all low-energy species in generating large (IR) spacetime behind the horizon. The scientific method accepts only reason, logic, and experimental evidence to tell between what is scientifically correct and what is not. Science works according to the scientific method. ![]() The thermal nature of a black hole as viewed in a distant reference frame arises from entanglement between the hard and soft modes generated by the chaotic dynamics at the string scale. Pervez Hoodbhoy 4 Summary of Lecture 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS 1. Recently, a coherent picture of the quantum mechanics of an evaporating black hole has been presented which reconciles unitarity with the predictions of the equivalence principle.
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